{"id":112,"date":"2019-10-04T19:31:46","date_gmt":"2020-04-04T11:31:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.anthonylee.cn\/myblog\/?p=112"},"modified":"2020-04-04T19:31:46","modified_gmt":"2020-04-04T11:31:46","slug":"%e4%b8%80%e6%96%87%e8%af%bb%e6%87%82-http-1%e3%80%81http-2%e3%80%81http-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.anthonylee.cn\/myblog\/?p=112","title":{"rendered":"\u4e00\u6587\u8bfb\u61c2 HTTP\/1\u3001HTTP\/2\u3001HTTP\/3"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u4f5c\u8005\uff1acharryhuang\uff0c\u817e\u8baf CSIG \u524d\u7aef\u5f00\u53d1\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"article-blockquote\"><p>\u4ece 1989 \u5e74\u4e07\u7ef4\u7f51\uff08www\uff09\u8bde\u751f\uff0cHTTP\uff08HyperText Transfer Protocol\uff09\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u4f17\u591a\u7248\u672c\u8fed\u4ee3\uff0cWebSocket \u4e5f\u5728\u671f\u95f4\u840c\u82bd\u30021991 \u5e74 HTTP0.9 \u88ab\u53d1\u660e\u30021996 \u5e74\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86 HTTP1.0\u30022015 \u5e74 HTTP2 \u6b63\u5f0f\u53d1\u5e03\u30022020 \u5e74 HTTP3 \u6216\u80fd\u6b63\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5c06\u4f1a\u7b80\u5355\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h1 class=\"pgc-h-arrow-right\"><strong>HTTP1.1 \u4e0e HTTP2<\/strong><\/h1>\n<p><strong>HTTP1.1 \u7684\u7f3a\u9677<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol start=\"1\">\n<li>\u9ad8\u5ef6\u8fdf \u2014 \u961f\u5934\u963b\u585e(Head-Of-Line Blocking)<\/li>\n<li>\u65e0\u72b6\u6001\u7279\u6027 \u2014 \u963b\u788d\u4ea4\u4e92<\/li>\n<li>\u660e\u6587\u4f20\u8f93 \u2014 \u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u6027<\/li>\n<li>\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u63a8\u9001<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u961f\u5934\u963b\u585e<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u961f\u5934\u963b\u585e\u662f\u6307\u5f53\u987a\u5e8f\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e8f\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u56e0\u4e3a\u67d0\u79cd\u539f\u56e0\u88ab\u963b\u585e\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u540e\u9762\u6392\u961f\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e5f\u4e00\u5e76\u88ab\u963b\u585e\uff0c\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fdf\u8fdf\u6536\u4e0d\u5230\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9488\u5bf9\u961f\u5934\u963b\u585e\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>1.\u5c06\u540c\u4e00\u9875\u9762\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u5206\u6563\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u57df\u540d\u4e0b\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u8fde\u63a5\u4e0a\u9650\u3002\u867d\u7136\u80fd\u516c\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a TCP \u7ba1\u9053\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ba1\u9053\u4e2d\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u53ea\u80fd\u5904\u7406\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed3\u675f\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u53ea\u80fd\u5904\u4e8e\u963b\u585e\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2.\u51cf\u5c11\u8bf7\u6c42\u6570\u91cf<\/p>\n<p>3.\u5185\u8054\u4e00\u4e9b\u8d44\u6e90\uff1acss\u3001base64 \u56fe\u7247\u7b49<\/p>\n<p>4.\u5408\u5e76\u5c0f\u6587\u4ef6\u51cf\u5c11\u8d44\u6e90\u6570<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u65e0\u72b6\u6001\u7279\u6027<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u65e0\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u6307\u534f\u8bae\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fde\u63a5\u72b6\u6001\u6ca1\u6709<strong>\u8bb0\u5fc6\u80fd\u529b<\/strong>\u3002\u7eaf\u51c0\u7684 HTTP \u662f\u6ca1\u6709 cookie \u7b49\u673a\u5236\u7684\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b21\u8bf7\u6c42\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e86\u7528\u6237\u540d\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u800c\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u8bf7\u6c42\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5e76\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5b83\u4e0e\u4e0a\u4e00\u6761\u8bf7\u6c42\u6709\u4f55\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\u5c31\u662f<strong>\u6389\u767b\u5f55\u6001<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u6027<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4f20\u8f93\u5185\u5bb9\u6ca1\u6709\u52a0\u5bc6\uff0c\u4e2d\u9014\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u7be1\u6539\u548c\u52ab\u6301\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>SPDY \u534f\u8bae<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>SPDY \u662f\u7531 google \u63a8\u884c\u7684\u6539\u8fdb\u7248\u672c\u7684 HTTP1.1 \uff08\u90a3\u65f6\u5019\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709 HTTP2\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<div class=\"pgc-img\"><img src=\"http:\/\/p3.pstatp.com\/large\/pgc-image\/e8d281acf6564620b91fa078254aee40\" alt=\"\u4e00\u6587\u8bfb\u61c2 HTTP\/1\u3001HTTP\/2\u3001HTTP\/3\" \/><\/div>\n<p>\u7279\u6027\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol start=\"1\">\n<li>\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528 \u2014 \u89e3\u51b3\u961f\u5934\u963b\u585e<\/li>\n<li>\u5934\u90e8\u538b\u7f29 \u2014 \u89e3\u51b3\u5de8\u5927\u7684 HTTP \u5934\u90e8<\/li>\n<li>\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7 \u2014 \u5148\u83b7\u53d6\u91cd\u8981\u6570\u636e<\/li>\n<li>\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u63a8\u9001 \u2014 \u586b\u8865\u7a7a\u7f3a<\/li>\n<li>\u63d0\u9ad8\u5b89\u5168\u6027<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>SPDY \u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u4e0a\u65e0\u9650\u5236\u5e76\u53d1\u6d41\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8bf7\u6c42\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u901a\u9053\u4e0a\uff0cTCP \u6548\u7387\u66f4\u9ad8\uff08\u53c2\u8003 TCP \u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236\u4e2d\u7684<strong>\u6162\u542f\u52a8 <\/strong>https:\/\/zhuanlan.zhihu.com\/p\/37379780\uff09\u3002\u66f4\u5c11\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u53d1\u51fa\u66f4\u5bc6\u96c6\u7684\u5305\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5934\u90e8\u538b\u7f29<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528\u4e13\u95e8\u7684 HPACK \u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u53ea\u53d1\u9001\u5dee\u5f02\u5934\u90e8\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230 50% ~90% \u7684\u9ad8\u538b\u7f29\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u867d\u7136\u65e0\u9650\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u6d41\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u961f\u5934\u963b\u585e\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u5e26\u5bbd\u53d7\u9650\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u56e0\u9632\u6b62\u5835\u585e\u901a\u9053\u800c\u963b\u6b62\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u9053\u88ab\u975e\u5173\u952e\u8d44\u6e90\u5835\u585e\u65f6\uff0c\u9ad8\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f1a\u88ab\u4f18\u5148\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u63a8\u9001<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u63a8\u9001\uff08ServerPush\uff09\uff08http:\/\/www.ruanyifeng.com\/blog\/2018\/03\/http2_server_push.html\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u4e3b\u52a8\u628a\u8d44\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u63a8\u9001\u7ed9\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e5f\u6709\u6743\u5229\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u63a5\u6536\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u63d0\u9ad8\u5b89\u5168\u6027<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u652f\u6301\u4f7f\u7528 HTTPS \u8fdb\u884c\u52a0\u5bc6\u4f20\u8f93\u3002<\/p>\n<h1 class=\"pgc-h-arrow-right\"><strong>HTTP2<\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>HTTP2 \u57fa\u4e8e SPDY\uff0c\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5728\u7528\u6237\u548c\u7f51\u7ad9\u95f4\u53ea\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u65b0\u589e\u7279\u6027\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol start=\"1\">\n<li>\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u5206\u5e27 &#8211; HTTP2 \u6027\u80fd\u589e\u5f3a\u7684\u6838\u5fc3<\/li>\n<li>\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528 &#8211; \u89e3\u51b3\u4e32\u884c\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4f20\u8f93\u548c\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u8fc7\u591a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u5206\u5e27<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u9996\u5148\uff0cHTTP2 \u6ca1\u6709\u6539\u53d8 HTTP1 \u7684\u8bed\u4e49\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u4f7f\u7528\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u5206\u5e27\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f20\u8f93\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u5355\u4f4d\uff1a<strong>\u5e27\u3001\u6d88\u606f\u3001\u6d41<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5206\u5e27\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u597d\u5904\uff1f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5355\u4f4d\u65f6\u95f4\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u6570\u53d8\u591a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u6570\u3002\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e3a\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5e95\u5c42\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u4e2a\u57df\u540d\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d41\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684<strong>\u8bf7\u6c42-\u54cd\u5e94<\/strong>\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<strong>\u5e27<\/strong>\u662f\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a<strong>\u5e27<\/strong>\u4f1a\u6807\u8bc6\u51fa\u8be5\u5e27\u5c5e\u4e8e\u54ea\u4e2a<strong>\u6d41<\/strong>\uff0c<strong>\u6d41<\/strong>\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u591a\u4e2a\u5e27\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u3002\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a TCP \u8fde\u63a5\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u6d41\u3002\u6f14\u793a<\/p>\n<div class=\"pgc-img\"><img src=\"http:\/\/p1.pstatp.com\/large\/pgc-image\/e62a886b0c4040d9bdd90ca8f769e2a9\" alt=\"\u4e00\u6587\u8bfb\u61c2 HTTP\/1\u3001HTTP\/2\u3001HTTP\/3\" \/><\/div>\n<h1 class=\"pgc-h-arrow-right\"><strong>HTTP2 \u7684\u7f3a\u9677<\/strong><\/h1>\n<ol start=\"1\">\n<li>TCP \u4ee5\u53ca TCP+TLS \u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5ef6\u65f6<\/li>\n<li>TCP \u7684\u961f\u5934\u963b\u585e\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5f7b\u5e95\u89e3\u51b3<\/li>\n<li>\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528\u5bfc\u81f4\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u538b\u529b\u4e0a\u5347<\/li>\n<li>\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528\u5bb9\u6613 Timeout<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u5efa\u8fde\u5ef6\u65f6<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>TCP \u8fde\u63a5\u9700\u8981\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fdb\u884c<strong>\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b<\/strong>\uff0c\u5373\u6d88\u8017\u5b8c 1.5 \u4e2a RTT \u4e4b\u540e\u624d\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u3002<\/p>\n<p>TLS \u8fde\u63a5\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u7248\u672c\u2014\u2014 TLS1.2 \u548c TLS1.3\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7248\u672c\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u6240\u82b1\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5927\u81f4\u9700\u8981 1~2 \u4e2a RTT\u3002<\/p>\n<p>RTT\uff08Round-Trip Time\uff09:\u5f80\u8fd4\u65f6\u5ef6\u3002\u8868\u793a\u4ece\u53d1\u9001\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5230\u53d1\u9001\u7aef\u6536\u5230\u6765\u81ea\u63a5\u6536\u7aef\u7684\u786e\u8ba4\uff08\u63a5\u6536\u7aef\u6536\u5230\u6570\u636e\u540e\u4fbf\u7acb\u5373\u53d1\u9001\u786e\u8ba4\uff09\uff0c\u603b\u5171\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u65f6\u5ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u961f\u5934\u963b\u585e\u6ca1\u6709\u5f7b\u5e95\u89e3\u51b3<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>TCP \u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u8bc1\u53ef\u9760\u4f20\u8f93\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u8d85\u65f6\u91cd\u4f20\u201d\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4e22\u5931\u7684\u5305\u5fc5\u987b\u7b49\u5f85\u91cd\u4f20\u786e\u8ba4\u3002HTTP2 \u51fa\u73b0\u4e22\u5305\u65f6\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a TCP \u90fd\u8981\u7b49\u5f85\u91cd\u4f20\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u4f1a\u963b\u585e\u8be5 TCP \u8fde\u63a5\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<div class=\"pgc-img\"><img src=\"http:\/\/p3.pstatp.com\/large\/pgc-image\/f167ce9271454cd8bd65bb7209905e21\" alt=\"\u4e00\u6587\u8bfb\u61c2 HTTP\/1\u3001HTTP\/2\u3001HTTP\/3\" \/><\/div>\n<p>RTO\uff1a\u82f1\u6587\u5168\u79f0\u662f Retransmission TimeOut\uff0c\u5373\u91cd\u4f20\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4\uff1bRTO \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a8\u6001\u503c\uff0c\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u800c\u6539\u53d8\u3002RTO \u662f\u6839\u636e\u7ed9\u5b9a\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5f80\u8fd4\u65f6\u95f4 RTT \u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u3002\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u8fd4\u56de\u7684 ack \u662f\u5e0c\u671b\u6536\u5230\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u7ec4\u5305\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528\u5bfc\u81f4\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u538b\u529b\u4e0a\u5347<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528\u6ca1\u6709\u9650\u5236\u540c\u65f6\u8bf7\u6c42\u6570\u3002\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u6570\u91cf\u4e0e\u5f80\u5e38\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4f1a\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u77ed\u6682\u7206\u53d1\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u77ac\u65f6 QPS \u66b4\u589e\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528\u5bb9\u6613 Timeout<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5927\u6279\u91cf\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u540c\u65f6\u53d1\u9001\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e HTTP2 \u8fde\u63a5\u5185\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u5e76\u884c\u7684\u6d41\uff0c\u800c\u7f51\u7edc\u5e26\u5bbd\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8d44\u6e90\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6d41\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u4f1a\u88ab\u7a00\u91ca\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5b83\u4eec\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u95f4\u76f8\u5dee\u66f4\u77ed\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u8d85\u65f6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u4f7f\u7528 Nginx \u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u5668\uff0c\u60f3\u6b63\u786e\u8fdb\u884c\u8282\u6d41\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5f88\u68d8\u624b\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u5c31\u7b97\u4f60\u5411\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f15\u5165\u6216\u8c03\u6574\u6392\u961f\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4f46\u4e00\u6b21\u80fd\u5904\u7406\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u4e5f\u662f\u6709\u9650\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5bf9\u8bf7\u6c42\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u961f\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u5728\u54cd\u5e94\u8d85\u65f6\u540e\u4e22\u5f03\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u6d6a\u8d39\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\uff08\u5f15\u7528\uff1ahttps:\/\/www.lucidchart.com\/techblog\/2019\/04\/10\/why-turning-on-http2-was-a-mistake\/\uff09<\/p>\n<h1 class=\"pgc-h-arrow-right\">QUIC<\/h1>\n<p><strong>\u7b80\u4ecb<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Google\u5728\u63a8 SPDY \u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u5c31\u53e6\u8d77\u7089\u7076\u641e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u4e8e UDP \u534f\u8bae\u7684 QUIC \u534f\u8bae\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c31\u662f HTTP3\u3002\u5b83\u771f\u6b63\u201c\u5b8c\u7f8e\u201d\u5730\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u201c\u961f\u5934\u963b\u585e\u201d\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<div class=\"pgc-img\"><img src=\"http:\/\/p3.pstatp.com\/large\/pgc-image\/6df51972b8ce406583073663287125de\" alt=\"\u4e00\u6587\u8bfb\u61c2 HTTP\/1\u3001HTTP\/2\u3001HTTP\/3\" \/><\/div>\n<p><strong>\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u70b9<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol start=\"1\">\n<li>\u6539\u8fdb\u7684\u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236\u3001\u53ef\u9760\u4f20\u8f93<\/li>\n<li>\u5feb\u901f\u63e1\u624b<\/li>\n<li>\u96c6\u6210\u4e86 TLS 1.3 \u52a0\u5bc6<\/li>\n<li>\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528<\/li>\n<li>\u8fde\u63a5\u8fc1\u79fb<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u6539\u8fdb\u7684\u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236\u3001\u53ef\u9760\u4f20\u8f93<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4ece\u62e5\u585e\u7b97\u6cd5\u548c\u53ef\u9760\u4f20\u8f93\u672c\u8eab\u6765\u770b\uff0cQUIC \u53ea\u662f\u6309\u7167 TCP \u534f\u8bae\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u904d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48 QUIC \u534f\u8bae\u5230\u5e95\u6539\u8fdb\u5728\u54ea\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u5462\uff1f\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u5982\u4e0b\u51e0\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><strong>1. \u53ef\u63d2\u62d4 \u2014 \u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5c42\u9762\u5c31\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u8fde\u63a5\u4e5f\u80fd\u652f\u6301\u914d\u7f6e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u505c\u673a\u548c\u5347\u7ea7\u5c31\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u53d8\u66f4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9488\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u4e1a\u52a1\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7f51\u7edc\u5236\u5f0f\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u540c\u7684 RTT\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5173\u4e8e\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u7684\u53ef\u63d2\u62d4\u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236\u6a21\u62df\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9 socket \u4e0a\u7684\u6d41\u4e3a\u5bf9\u8c61\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>2. \u5355\u8c03\u9012\u589e\u7684 Packet Number \u2014 \u4f7f\u7528 Packet Number \u4ee3\u66ff\u4e86 TCP \u7684 seq\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u6bcf\u4e2a Packet Number \u90fd\u4e25\u683c\u9012\u589e\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u5c31\u7b97 Packet N \u4e22\u5931\u4e86\uff0c\u91cd\u4f20\u7684 Packet N \u7684 Packet Number \u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u662f N\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4 N \u5927\u7684\u503c\u3002\u800c TCP \u91cd\u4f20\u7b56\u7565\u5b58\u5728\u4e8c\u4e49\u6027\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a RTO \u540e\u53d1\u8d77\u91cd\u4f20\uff0c\u800c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6536\u5230\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u54cd\u5e94\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u8def\u4e0a\u4e86\uff0c\u5f53\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6536\u5230\u54cd\u5e94\u540e\uff0c\u5f97\u51fa\u7684 RTT \u5c06\u4f1a\u6bd4\u771f\u5b9e RTT \u8981\u5c0f\u3002\u5f53 Packet N \u552f\u4e00\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u6b63\u786e\u7684 RTT\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>3. \u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8 Reneging \u2014 \u4e00\u4e2a Packet \u53ea\u8981\u88ab Ack\uff0c\u5c31\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b83\u4e00\u5b9a\u88ab\u6b63\u786e\u63a5\u6536\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Reneging \u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\uff0c\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u6709\u6743\u628a\u5df2\u7ecf\u62a5\u7ed9\u53d1\u9001\u7aef SACK\uff08Selective Acknowledgment\uff09 \u91cc\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed9\u4e22\u4e86\uff08\u5982\u63a5\u6536\u7a97\u53e3\u4e0d\u591f\u800c\u4e22\u5f03\u4e71\u5e8f\u7684\u5305\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>QUIC \u4e2d\u7684 ACK \u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4e0e TCP \u4e2d SACK \u7b49\u4ef7\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4f46 QUIC \u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u4efb\u4f55\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u88ab\u786e\u8ba4\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\uff09\u6570\u636e\u5305\u88ab\u4e22\u5f03\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5316\u53d1\u9001\u7aef\u4e0e\u63a5\u6536\u7aef\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u96be\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u53d1\u9001\u7aef\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u538b\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>4. \u524d\u5411\u7ea0\u9519\uff08FEC\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u65e9\u671f\u7684 QUIC \u7248\u672c\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e22\u5305\u6062\u590d\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4f46\u540e\u6765\u7531\u4e8e\u589e\u52a0\u5e26\u5bbd\u6d88\u8017\u548c\u6548\u679c\u4e00\u822c\u800c<strong>\u5e9f\u5f03<\/strong>\u3002FEC \u4e2d\uff0cQUIC \u6570\u636e\u5e27\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6df7\u5408\u539f\u59cb\u6570\u636e\u548c\u5197\u4f59\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u6765\u786e\u4fdd\u65e0\u8bba\u5230\u8fbe\u63a5\u6536\u7aef\u7684 n \u6b21\u4f20\u8f93\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u63a5\u6536\u7aef\u90fd\u80fd\u591f\u6062\u590d\u6240\u6709 n \u4e2a\u539f\u59cb\u6570\u636e\u5305\u3002FEC \u7684\u5b9e\u8d28\u5c31\u662f\u5f02\u6216\u3002\u793a\u610f\u56fe\uff1a<\/p>\n<div class=\"pgc-img\"><img src=\"http:\/\/p1.pstatp.com\/large\/pgc-image\/9b1297c29e0046bbad26629741aeea42\" alt=\"\u4e00\u6587\u8bfb\u61c2 HTTP\/1\u3001HTTP\/2\u3001HTTP\/3\" \/><\/div>\n<p><strong>5. \u66f4\u591a\u7684 Ack \u5757\u548c\u589e\u52a0 Ack Delay \u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>QUIC \u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u63d0\u4f9b 256 \u4e2a Ack Block\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u91cd\u6392\u5e8f\u65f6\uff0cQUIC \u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e TCP\uff08\u4f7f\u7528 SACK\uff09\u66f4\u6709\u5f39\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5f97\u5728<strong>\u91cd\u6392\u5e8f<\/strong>\u6216<strong>\u4e22\u5931<\/strong>\u51fa\u73b0\u65f6\uff0cQUIC \u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u4fdd\u7559\u66f4\u591a\u7684<strong>\u5728\u9014\u5b57\u8282<\/strong>\uff08https:\/\/blog.csdn.net\/u014023993\/article\/details\/85299434\uff09\u3002\u5728\u4e22\u5305\u7387\u6bd4\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u5347\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6062\u590d\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u91cd\u4f20\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>TCP \u7684 Timestamp \u9009\u9879\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u5728\u53d1\u9001\u62a5\u6587\u65f6\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53d1\u9001\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\uff0c\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u5728\u786e\u8ba4\u8be5\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u65f6\u628a\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u5b57\u6bb5\u503c\u590d\u5236\u5230\u786e\u8ba4\u62a5\u6587\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u8ba1\u7b97\u63a5\u6536\u7aef\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u5305\u5230\u53d1\u9001 Ack \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u79f0\u4e3a Ack Delay\uff0c\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4 RTT \u8ba1\u7b97\u8bef\u5dee\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e1c\u897f\u52a0\u8fdb\u53bb\u8ba1\u7b97 RTT \u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>6. \u57fa\u4e8e stream \u548c connection \u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u6d41\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9700\u8981\u4e24\u7c7b\u6d41\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\u5462\uff1f\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a QUIC \u652f\u6301\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528\u3002Stream \u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u6761 HTTP \u8bf7\u6c42\u3002Connection \u53ef\u4ee5\u7c7b\u6bd4\u4e00\u6761 TCP \u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5728\u4e00\u6761 Connetion \u4e0a\u4f1a\u540c\u65f6\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u6761 Stream\u3002<\/p>\n<p>QUIC \u63a5\u6536\u8005\u4f1a\u901a\u544a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6d41\u4e2d\u6700\u591a\u60f3\u8981\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u5b57\u8282\u504f\u79fb\u3002\u968f\u7740\u6570\u636e\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u6d41\u4e2d\u7684\u53d1\u9001\uff0c\u63a5\u6536\u548c\u4f20\u9001\uff0c\u63a5\u6536\u8005\u53d1\u9001 WINDOW_UPDATE \u5e27\uff0c\u8be5\u5e27\u589e\u52a0\u8be5\u6d41\u7684\u901a\u544a\u504f\u79fb\u91cf\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u5bf9\u7aef\u5728\u8be5\u6d41\u4e0a\u53d1\u9001\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9664\u4e86\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6d41\u7684\u6d41\u63a7\u5236\u5916\uff0cQUIC \u8fd8\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fde\u63a5\u7ea7\u7684\u6d41\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u4ee5\u9650\u5236 QUIC \u63a5\u6536\u8005\u613f\u610f\u4e3a\u8fde\u63a5\u5206\u914d\u7684\u603b\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u3002\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6d41\u63a7\u5236\u5de5\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e\u6d41\u7684\u6d41\u63a7\u5236\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4f46\u4f20\u9001\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u548c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u63a5\u6536\u504f\u79fb\u662f\u6240\u6709\u6d41\u7684\u603b\u548c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e0d\u8db3\u6216\u8005\u4e0a\u6e38\u5904\u7406\u6027\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6d41\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\u6765\u9650\u5236\u4f20\u8f93\u901f\u7387\uff0c\u4fdd\u969c\u670d\u52a1\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<div class=\"pgc-img\"><img src=\"http:\/\/p3.pstatp.com\/large\/pgc-image\/9582af532b0146f4bb2cbe8720d777ad\" alt=\"\u4e00\u6587\u8bfb\u61c2 HTTP\/1\u3001HTTP\/2\u3001HTTP\/3\" \/><\/div>\n<p><strong>\u5feb\u901f\u63e1\u624b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e QUIC \u662f\u57fa\u4e8e UDP \u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5 QUIC \u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0 0-RTT \u6216\u8005 1-RTT \u6765\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u5927\u63d0\u5347\u9996\u6b21\u6253\u5f00\u9875\u9762\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u96c6\u6210\u4e86 TLS 1.3 \u52a0\u5bc6<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>TLS 1.3 \u652f\u6301 3 \u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u5bc6\u94a5\u4ea4\u6362\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>(EC)DHE\u00a0(\u57fa\u4e8e\u6709\u9650\u57df\u6216\u692d\u5706\u66f2\u7ebf\u7684\u00a0Diffie-Hellman)\r\nPSK\u00a0-\u00a0only\r\nPSK\u00a0with\u00a0(EC)DHE<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5728\u5b8c\u5168\u63e1\u624b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u9700\u8981 1-RTT \u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u3002TLS1.3 \u6062\u590d\u4f1a\u8bdd\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u53d1\u9001\u52a0\u5bc6\u540e\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u989d\u5916\u7684 TLS \u63e1\u624b\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f 0-RTT\u3002<\/p>\n<p>TLS 1.3 0-RTT \u7b80\u5355\u539f\u7406\u793a\u610f\uff08\u57fa\u4e8e DHE\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n<div class=\"pgc-img\"><img src=\"http:\/\/p3.pstatp.com\/large\/pgc-image\/2e94937c00274cdca3d0a983f110c127\" alt=\"\u4e00\u6587\u8bfb\u61c2 HTTP\/1\u3001HTTP\/2\u3001HTTP\/3\" \/><\/div>\n<p>\u4f46\u662f TLS1.3 \u4e5f\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b8c\u7f8e\u3002TLS 1.3 \u7684 0-RTT \u65e0\u6cd5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u524d\u5411\u5b89\u5168\u6027(Forward secrecy)\u3002\u7b80\u5355\u8bb2\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u67d0\u79cd\u624b\u6bb5\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u4e86 Session Ticket Key\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8be5\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u5bc6\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8981\u7f13\u89e3\u8be5\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e0e Session Ticket Key \u76f8\u5173\u7684 DH \u9759\u6001\u53c2\u6570\u5728\u77ed\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u8fc7\u671f\uff08\u4e00\u822c\u51e0\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>QUIC \u662f\u4e3a\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528\u4ece\u5934\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\uff0c\u643a\u5e26\u4e2a\u522b\u6d41\u7684\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5305\u4e22\u5931\u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u53ea\u5f71\u54cd\u8be5\u6d41\u3002QUIC \u8fde\u63a5\u4e0a\u7684\u591a\u4e2a stream \u4e4b\u95f4\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4f9d\u8d56\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u5e95\u5c42\u534f\u8bae\u9650\u5236\u3002\u5047\u5982 stream2 \u4e22\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ea\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd stream2 \u7684\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8fde\u63a5\u8fc1\u79fb<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>TCP \u662f\u6309\u7167 4 \u8981\u7d20\uff08\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef IP\u3001\u7aef\u53e3, \u670d\u52a1\u5668 IP\u3001\u7aef\u53e3\uff09\u786e\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u3002\u800c QUIC \u5219\u662f\u8ba9\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a Connection ID \uff0864 \u4f4d\uff09\u6765\u533a\u522b\u4e0d\u540c\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u53ea\u8981 Connection ID \u4e0d\u53d8\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u5c31\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u662f\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8fc1\u79fb\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7ee7\u7eed\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5bc6\u94a5\u6765\u52a0\u5bc6\u548c\u89e3\u5bc6\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0cQUIC \u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8fc1\u79fb\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u52a0\u5bc6\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002<\/p>\n<h1 class=\"pgc-h-arrow-right\"><strong>\u6311\u6218<\/strong><\/h1>\n<p><strong>NAT \u95ee\u9898<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>NAT \u6982\u5ff5<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3 IP \u5730\u5740\u4e0d\u8db3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0cNAT \u7ed9\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u7edc\u53ea\u5206\u914d\u4e00\u4e2a IP \u5730\u5740\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u5185\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\uff0c\u5219\u5206\u914d\u79c1\u6709\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u79c1\u6709\u5730\u5740\u5bf9\u5916\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u5916\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u90fd\u8981\u501f\u52a9\u90a3\u4e2a\u552f\u4e00\u5206\u914d\u7684 IP \u5730\u5740\u3002\u6240\u6709\u79bb\u5f00\u672c\u5730\u7f51\u7edc\u53bb\u5f80 Internet \u7684\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u7684\u6e90 IP \u5730\u5740\u9700\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u76f8\u540c\u7684 NAT\uff0c\u533a\u522b\u4ec5\u5728\u4e8e\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n<div class=\"pgc-img\"><img src=\"http:\/\/p3.pstatp.com\/large\/pgc-image\/27fb1ee539ee4771adad5b83ece864b1\" alt=\"\u4e00\u6587\u8bfb\u61c2 HTTP\/1\u3001HTTP\/2\u3001HTTP\/3\" \/><\/div>\n<p><strong>\u539f\u56e0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>TCP \u548c UDP \u7684\u62a5\u6587\u5934\u90e8\u4e0d\u540c\u5bfc\u81f4 NAT \u95ee\u9898\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>NAT \u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u8bb0\u5fc6\u95ee\u9898<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u57fa\u4e8e TCP \u7684 HTTP\u3001HTTPS \u4f20\u8f93\uff0cNAT \u8bbe\u5907\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e TCP \u62a5\u6587\u5934\u7684 SYN\/FIN \u72b6\u6001\u4f4d\uff0c\u77e5\u9053\u901a\u4fe1\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\u8bb0\u5fc6 NAT \u6620\u5c04\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u548c\u7ed3\u675f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e UDP \u4f20\u8f93\u7684 HTTP3 \uff0c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728 SYN\/FIN \u72b6\u6001\u4f4d\u3002NAT \u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5982\u679c\u77ed\u4e8e\u7528\u6237\u4f1a\u8bdd\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5219\u7528\u6237\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4f1a\u4e2d\u65ad\u3002NAT \u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u65f6\u95f4\u5982\u679c\u957f\u4e8e\u7528\u6237\u4f1a\u8bdd\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5219\u610f\u5473\u7740 NAT \u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u8d44\u6e90\u4f1a\u88ab\u767d\u767d\u5360\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u662f\uff0c\u5728 QUIC \u7684\u5934\u90e8\u6a21\u4eff TCP \u7684 SYN\/FIN \u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u8ba9\u6cbf\u9014\u7684 NAT \u8bbe\u5907\u77e5\u9053\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u5f00\u59cb\u3001\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u9700\u8981\u5347\u7ea7\u5168\u7403\u6240\u6709\u7684 NAT \u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u662f\uff0c\u8ba9 QUIC \u5468\u671f\u6027\u5730\u53d1\u9001 Keepalive \u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u5237\u65b0 NAT \u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff0c\u907f\u514d NAT \u8bbe\u5907\u81ea\u52a8\u91ca\u653e\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>NAT \u8bbe\u5907\u7981\u7528 UDP<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b NAT \u7f51\u7edc\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\uff08\u5982\u67d0\u4e9b\u6821\u56ed\u7f51\uff09\uff0cUDP \u534f\u8bae\u4f1a\u88ab\u8def\u7531\u5668\u7b49\u4e2d\u95f4\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u5907\u7981\u6b62\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u964d\u7ea7\uff0c\u9009\u62e9 HTTPS \u7b49\u5907\u9009\u901a\u9053\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6b63\u5e38\u4e1a\u52a1\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>NGINX \u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u95ee\u9898\u6982\u5ff5<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>QUIC \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5b58\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u5236\u5f0f\u5207\u6362\uff0c\u5c31\u7b97\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u79fb\u52a8\u673a\u623f\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e1a\u52a1\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6\u4f1a\u843d\u5230 A \u8fd9\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u540e\u7eed\u518d\u6b21\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u843d\u5230 B \u5b9e\u4f8b\u4e0a\uff0c\u91cd\u590d\u8d70 1-RTT \u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u63e1\u624b\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5168\u5c40\u63e1\u624b\u7f13\u5b58<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u6240\u6709 QUIC \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u5c40\u63e1\u624b\u7f13\u5b58\u3002\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u7f51\u7edc\u53d1\u751f\u5207\u6362\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u8bf7\u6c42\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u843d\u5230\u54ea\u4e00\u4e2a\u673a\u623f\u6216\u54ea\u4e00\u53f0\u5b9e\u4f8b\u4e0a\uff0c\u63e1\u624b\u5efa\u8fde\u90fd\u4f1a\u662f 0-RTT\u3002<\/p>\n<h1 class=\"pgc-h-arrow-right\"><strong>\u5386\u4ee3 HTTP \u901f\u5ea6\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/strong><\/h1>\n<div class=\"pgc-img\"><img src=\"http:\/\/p3.pstatp.com\/large\/pgc-image\/0f1a1913173b45ceb1a79852a9688b9b\" alt=\"\u4e00\u6587\u8bfb\u61c2 HTTP\/1\u3001HTTP\/2\u3001HTTP\/3\" \/><\/div>\n<h1 class=\"pgc-h-arrow-right\"><strong>\u7ed3\u5c3e<\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>\u4ece\u53e4\u81f3\u4eca\u5b9e\u65f6\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\uff08\u97f3\u9891\u3001\u89c6\u9891\u3001\u6e38\u620f\u7b49\uff09\u90fd\u9762\u4e34\u5361\u987f\u3001\u5ef6\u8fdf\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c QUIC \u57fa\u4e8e UDP \u7684\u67b6\u6784\u548c\u6539\u8fdb\u7684\u91cd\u4f20\u7b49\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u6709\u6548\u7684\u63d0\u5347\u7528\u6237\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002\u76ee\u524dB \u7ad9 \u4e5f\u5df2\u7ecf\u63a5\u5165 QUIC\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u8981\u81ea\u5df1\u4f53\u9a8c QUIC\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 Libquic\u3001Caddy \u7b49\u3002\u53e6\u5916 github \u4e0a\u9762\u4e5f\u6709 C++\u7248\u672c\u7684 QUIC \u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u5229\u7528 Nodejs \u7684 C++ \u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u524d\u7aef\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a node-quic\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4f5c\u8005\uff1acharryhuang\uff0c\u817e\u8baf CSIG \u524d\u7aef\u5f00\u53d1\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08 \u4ece 1989 \u5e74\u4e07\u7ef4\u7f51\uff08www\uff09\u8bde\u751f\uff0c&hellip; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.anthonylee.cn\/myblog\/?p=112\" class=\"more-link read-more\" rel=\"bookmark\">\u7ee7\u7eed\u9605\u8bfb <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">\u4e00\u6587\u8bfb\u61c2 HTTP\/1\u3001HTTP\/2\u3001HTTP\/3<\/span><i class=\"fa fa-arrow-right\"><\/i><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[4],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.anthonylee.cn\/myblog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/112"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.anthonylee.cn\/myblog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.anthonylee.cn\/myblog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.anthonylee.cn\/myblog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.anthonylee.cn\/myblog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=112"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/www.anthonylee.cn\/myblog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/112\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":113,"href":"http:\/\/www.anthonylee.cn\/myblog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/112\/revisions\/113"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.anthonylee.cn\/myblog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=112"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.anthonylee.cn\/myblog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=112"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.anthonylee.cn\/myblog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=112"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}